Huawei Ec6108v9 Openwrt New [FAST]

Huawei Ec6108v9 Openwrt New [FAST]

Huawei EC6108V9 (commonly known as the "Huawei Yuehe" or "Yuehe Box") is

a popular IPTV set-top box often repurposed as a lightweight Linux server, NAS, or OpenWrt router due to its capable HiSilicon Hi3798MV100 quad-core chipset 1. Hardware Overview

Before flashing, confirm your hardware revision, as some regional variants differ: : HiSilicon Hi3798M V100 Quad-core ARM Cortex-A7. : Typically 1GB or 2GB DDR3. : 4GB or 8GB eMMC Flash. Networking

: 10/100 Mbps Ethernet (some listings claim Gigabit, but the Hi3798MV100 usually caps at 100M internal PHY) and 2.4GHz Wi-Fi. Interfaces : HDMI, AV, 2x USB 2.0, MicroSD slot. 2. Preparing for OpenWrt Installation

Flashing OpenWrt on this device is not "plug-and-play" and often requires bypassing factory protections. Unlock/Root

: The device typically comes with a locked bootloader. You may need tools like STBManageTool to enable ADB or use via a serial connection to flash custom partitions. Serial Console : For deep customization or unbricking, locating the

pins on the motherboard is essential. This allows access to the bootloader (Fastboot) to flash images directly. Recovery Mode

: You can often trigger the factory recovery by repeatedly pressing the standby or direction buttons on the remote during power-up. CSDN问答 3. Flashing Process (HiTool Method)

The most reliable "new" method for these HiSilicon boxes involves using the software on a PC. Obtain Firmware : Download an OpenWrt image specifically compiled for the hi3798mv100 architecture. Recent community builds (like those from lqinyli on GitHub ) are optimized for this chipset. Burn with HiTool Connect the STB to your PC via a TTL-to-USB adapter. Select the tab in HiTool. Load the partition table ( file) provided with your OpenWrt firmware. (rootfs) partitions. USB Boot (Alternative)

: Some versions allow booting Armbian or OpenWrt from a USB drive by placing update.zip recovery.img

on a FAT32-formatted USB stick and entering the recovery menu. 4. Post-Installation Tips Default IP : Most OpenWrt builds for this box default to 192.168.1.1 192.168.89.1 Driver Support

: Be aware that the internal Wi-Fi chip might not always have stable drivers in standard OpenWrt; many users prefer using a USB Ethernet adapter for stable WAN/LAN expansion. : This device excels as a pi-hole/AdGuard Home print server , or a basic Home Assistant hub thanks to its low power consumption. pinout diagrams for the UART connection or a link to the latest firmware repository Huawei STB EC6108V9 PDF | Multi Core Processor - Scribd

The Huawei EC6108V9 is a popular Android-based set-top box (STB) that enthusiasts often try to "unlock" or "repurpose" due to its decent hardware. While the device is notoriously proprietary and difficult to flash with custom firmware like OpenWrt, the tech community’s persistence has turned its transformation into a bit of a digital "legend."

Here is a short story capturing the spirit of a developer trying to breathe new life into this hardware. The Silicon Resurrection Huawei EC6108V9

sat on the workbench, a dust-covered relic of a forgotten cable subscription. To the world, it was electronic waste—a "black box" locked by proprietary code and restricted menus. But to Elias, it was a challenge.

He didn't just want it to play movies; he wanted it to think. He wanted OpenWrt—the Swiss Army knife of networking—running on its silicon heart.

Step 1: The GatewayElias began with the "factory reset dance". Using the hidden recovery menus and a USB drive formatted to FAT32, he poked at the bootloader. The device resisted, its Huawei firmware guarding the gate like a silent sentinel.

Step 2: The BreakthroughLate into the night, after scouring old forums, he found the "exploit." It wasn't a front-door entry; it was a side-channel—a specific sequence of remote-control clicks and a modified update.zip. He watched the screen flicker. The stock logo vanished, replaced by the scrolling white text of a Linux kernel boot.

Step 3: The New SoulThe installation of a custom OpenWrt build for the

was the final act. As the progress bar crawled, Elias thought about the thousands of these boxes sitting in landfills. With OpenWrt, this wouldn't just be a TV box; it would become a powerful ad-blocking router, a home automation hub, or a private VPN server.

The ResultThe screen went dark, then surged to life. Instead of a clunky media interface, a clean, command-line prompt appeared: root@OpenWrt:~#.

The "useless" STB had been reborn. It was no longer a consumer product; it was an open-source powerhouse, a small victory for the right to repair and the curiosity of the digital age.

Huawei EC6108V9 , originally a humble IPTV set-top box, has found a second life in the hands of enthusiasts who prefer the freedom of OpenWrt over restrictive factory software. By 2026, this device—powered by a quad-core HiSilicon Hi3798M processor—has become a popular choice for DIY home networking projects. The Rebirth of the EC6108V9

In this story, your old "locked" cable box isn't junk; it's a sleeping giant. Under the hood, the

typically packs 1GB of RAM and 8GB of internal storage, which is massive compared to standard home routers that often struggle with only 128MB of memory.

The Escape from Android: Most units come with a customized version of Android 4.4. Users "rescue" these devices by flashing a fresh OpenWrt 25.12 image (the latest stable series as of March 2026). The Networking Powerhouse : Once liberated, the

transforms. Its Gigabit Ethernet port and dual-band Wi-Fi allow it to function as a robust residential gateway or a dedicated VPN server.

Modern Tools: New updates in 2026 have introduced tools like owut (the OpenWrt Upgrade Tool), which allows users to update their firmware via the command line while keeping all their custom configurations intact.

The Ultimate Media Router: Because it was built for video, it handles heavy traffic effortlessly. Enthusiasts now use it to run ad-blocking software (like AdGuard Home) and network-level storage, making it the "brain" of a modern smart home. Key Specifications for Your Project

If you're looking to start this journey, ensure your hardware matches these common specs: CPU: Quad-core Hisilicon Hi3798M V100. Memory: 1GB DDR3 RAM (some variants may have 2GB).

Storage: 4GB to 8GB Flash (perfect for installing many OpenWrt packages). Connectivity: 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet and 802.11n Wi-Fi.

For a step-by-step demonstration on managing these advanced updates: Upgrade your OpenWRT firmware in-place, the easy way! Awesome Open Source YouTube• Nov 3, 2024 [OpenWrt Wiki] owut: OpenWrt Upgrade Tool huawei ec6108v9 openwrt new

Huawei EC6108V9 Go to product viewer dialog for this item. is a versatile Android-based set-top box often repurposed by enthusiasts for advanced networking or as an open media center. While it is not a natively supported device in the official

"Table of Hardware" as of 2026, the community has developed several "complete story" paths to unlock its potential through custom rooting and alternative firmware. Hardware Foundations

To understand why users target this device for OpenWrt-style customization, its core specifications are key: : Features a Huawei HiSilicon Hi3798M

chipset, typically a quad-core CPU and quad-core GPU. Some regional variants may use dual-core versions optimized for 3D video. : Generally equipped with

RAM. Higher-tier variants sold in certain markets may feature : Built-in 8 GB internal flash storage (expandable via USB). Connectivity : Includes a 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet port and built-in 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi The "OpenWrt" Migration Path

Because there is no "official" OpenWrt bin file for this specific STB model, the "complete story" for most users involves a multi-step process: [OpenWrt Wiki] Welcome to the OpenWrt Project

Huawei EC6108V9 is a versatile IPTV set-top box frequently repurposed by enthusiasts as a low-power Linux server or network appliance. While it was originally built for media streaming, its quad-core hardware makes it a prime candidate for

to enable advanced networking features like ad-blocking, VPN routing, and file sharing. Hardware Overview

Before starting, ensure your device matches these core specifications to guarantee compatibility with recent OpenWrt builds: HiSilicon Hi3798M (Quad-core CPU). 4GB or 8GB internal Flash (eMMC). Connectivity: 10/100 Mbps Ethernet and 2.4GHz 802.11n Wi-Fi. Preparing for Installation

Flashing OpenWrt on an IPTV box is more complex than a standard router and often requires "unlocking" the bootloader or using a serial connection. OpenWrt Firmware Selector

Note: This device is originally an Android TV set-top box (IPTV). Flashing OpenWrt voids warranties and requires a serial TTL adapter or specific USB burning tools.


Key Features of the Custom OpenWrt Build

Once flashed, the device transforms from a dumb TV box into a fully functional router:

  1. Full Router Functionality: Acts as a primary router with DHCP, DNS, and Firewall capabilities.
  2. VLAN Support: This is the killer feature. In many regions (especially Southeast Asia), ISPs require VLAN tagging for internet access. The EC6108V9 handles this effortlessly, allowing you to bypass ISP-provided gateways.
  3. Wi-Fi Repeater: The 5GHz radio can be configured as a client (repeater) or an access point.
  4. USB Port: The external USB port can be used for 4G dongles (USB Tethering), creating a robust backup WAN connection.

Resources

Unlocking your Huawei EC6108V9 with OpenWRT not only enhances your device but also opens up a world of possibilities for network customization and security. Happy flashing!

Unlocking the Huawei EC6108V9: A Guide to OpenWrt Customization Huawei EC6108V9

, a widely distributed IPTV set-top box (STB), has found a second life in the hobbyist community as a versatile, low-power Linux server. Built on the HiSilicon Hi3798MV100

chipset, this device features a quad-core processor, typically 1GB of RAM, and 4GB to 8GB of eMMC storage. While originally locked to proprietary IPTV software, "new" developments in OpenWrt support allow users to transform this hardware into a lightweight router, file server, or home automation hub. Hardware Profile

Before attempting any firmware modifications, confirm your hardware specifications to ensure compatibility with modern OpenWrt builds : HiSilicon Hi3798MV100 (Quad-core). : 1GB DDR3 (sufficient for stable OpenWrt operation). : 4GB or 8GB eMMC flash. Connectivity : 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet, 802.11n Wi-Fi. The OpenWrt Advantage

Installing OpenWrt provides several "new" capabilities for the that are not available in its stock configuration: Complete Administrative Control : Gain root access to the device via SSH. Extensible Software : Access thousands of packages via the OpenWrt Package Repository

to add features like VPNs, ad-blocking (AdGuard Home), and file sharing. Improved Security : Regular security updates through the OpenWrt 24.10 release (current as of March 2026). Resource Efficiency

: A lightweight OS that maximizes the potential of the HiSilicon hardware. Installation Overview

Flashing OpenWrt on a Huawei STB is more complex than a standard router upgrade. It often requires accessing the internal storage or using specific bootloader commands. Install OpenWRT For Beginners | Security Onion Lab


Title: [Guide/Release] Bringing New Life to the Huawei EC6108V9: OpenWrt Installation & Overview

Body:

Hey everyone,

I’ve recently dusted off an old ISP-issued Set-Top Box, the Huawei EC6108V9, and managed to successfully flash OpenWrt on it. With newer kernel support and community patches becoming available, this little box is getting a second wind as a capable mini-router or travel companion.

Here is a quick rundown of the "new" state of OpenWrt on this device and how to get it running.

Part 5: First Boot Configuration & "New" Features

Access your new router:

  • IP Address: 192.168.1.1
  • Username: root
  • Password: (None, or password depending on build. Set via passwd immediately).

1. Executive Summary

The Huawei EC6108V9 is an Android-based IPTV set-top box (STB) widely deployed by telecom operators (e.g., China Telecom, China Unicom). Its hardware—specifically the HiSilicon Hi3798M chipset—makes it a potential, though challenging, candidate for running OpenWrt. While not natively supported in mainline OpenWrt, community projects have produced unofficial builds. However, the device is not recommended for new OpenWrt deployments due to driver limitations, complex flashing procedures, and better alternatives.

Disclaimer

  • Be aware that flashing your router with custom firmware may void its warranty and potentially brick the device. Proceed with caution and ensure you follow trusted guides.

Final Score: 4/5 (if you survive the flash)

It’s not a Raspberry Pi. It’s better: cheaper, gigabit-native, and hilariously overqualified to just sit behind your TV running a VPN router for your streaming stick.

One-liner: "The Huawei EC6108V9 with OpenWrt is the cockroach of networking gear—ugly, hard to kill, and will outlast your marriage."

Huawei EC6108V9: A Complete Guide to OpenWrt and Firmware Customization Huawei EC6108V9 (commonly known as the "Huawei Yuehe"

The Huawei EC6108V9 is a popular Android-based Set-Top Box (STB) that has gained a second life among tech enthusiasts as a versatile networking tool. While originally designed for IPTV services, users often search for ways to install OpenWrt on this device to transform it into a powerful, low-cost router or server. Hardware Specifications Overview

The EC6108V9 typically features a HiSilicon SoC (often the Hi3798MV100), which presents unique challenges for standard OpenWrt support compared to more common Broadcom or MediaTek chips. Processor: HiSilicon Hi3798M quad-core ARM. RAM: 1GB DDR3. Storage: 4GB/8GB eMMC flash memory.

Connectivity: Ethernet port, built-in Wi-Fi, and USB 2.0 ports. Is OpenWrt Officially Supported?

As of current development, the Huawei EC6108V9 is not officially supported in the main OpenWrt Table of Hardware. Official support is often hindered by the proprietary nature of HiSilicon drivers.

However, the "new" development surrounding this device typically involves community-built snapshots or using the device as a host for OpenWrt within an existing Linux environment (like Armbian). Enthusiasts often use a TTL serial connection for "unbricking" or deep system modifications. Installation Methods for Custom Firmware

Because there is no "one-click" official installer, users generally follow these advanced paths:

Boot via USB/SD Card: Similar to other Amlogic or HiSilicon TV boxes, you can sometimes boot a custom OpenWrt image from a USB drive using tools like Rufus or balenaEtcher.

The "OpenWrt on Android" Approach: Some projects allow running OpenWrt as a service or container on top of the original Android OS, though this is less common for dedicated routing.

Serial Flashing (TTL): For those looking to completely replace the OS, a USB-to-TTL adapter is often required to access the bootloader (U-Boot) and flash new system partitions. Essential Pre-Installation Checklist

If you find a community build for the EC6108V9, ensure you have the following ready:

Static IP Configuration: Set your PC to a static IP (usually 192.168.1.x) to communicate with the bootloader.

Backup: Always backup your original flash before attempting to overwrite partitions.

TTL Adapter: A serial cable is almost always necessary for this specific Huawei model to recover from failed boots. Why Choose OpenWrt for Your STB?

Transforming your Huawei EC6108V9 with OpenWrt offers several advantages:

Ad-Blocking: Install AdGuard Home or Pi-hole directly on the box.

VPN Gateway: Use the box as a dedicated WireGuard or OpenVPN client for your home network.

Lightweight Server: Run small Docker containers or file servers (Samba) using the USB ports. OpenWrt Table of Hardware

Unlocking the Potential of Huawei EC6108V9 with OpenWRT

The Huawei EC6108V9 is a popular broadband router used by many internet service providers (ISPs) around the world. While it provides reliable internet connectivity, its stock firmware often lacks advanced features and customization options. This is where OpenWRT, a Linux-based open-source firmware, comes into play. In this article, we'll explore the benefits of installing OpenWRT on the Huawei EC6108V9 and how it can breathe new life into this router.

What is OpenWRT?

OpenWRT is a Linux-based open-source firmware that allows users to customize and modify their router's software. It provides a wide range of features, including advanced networking capabilities, security tools, and package management. OpenWRT is designed to be highly customizable, making it a popular choice among developers, power users, and enthusiasts.

Why Install OpenWRT on Huawei EC6108V9?

The Huawei EC6108V9 is a capable router, but its stock firmware has limitations. By installing OpenWRT, users can:

  1. Unlock advanced features: OpenWRT provides a wide range of features, including support for VPNs, QoS, and advanced routing protocols.
  2. Improve security: OpenWRT includes robust security features, such as firewall support, intrusion detection, and secure firmware updates.
  3. Customize the interface: OpenWRT allows users to customize the web interface, including the layout, themes, and widgets.
  4. Increase performance: OpenWRT can optimize the router's performance, reducing latency and improving overall network efficiency.
  5. Extend functionality: OpenWRT supports a wide range of packages, allowing users to add new features and functionality to their router.

Installing OpenWRT on Huawei EC6108V9

Installing OpenWRT on the Huawei EC6108V9 requires some technical expertise, but it's a relatively straightforward process. Here's a step-by-step guide:

  1. Backup your data: Before starting, make sure to backup your router's configuration and any important data.
  2. Download the OpenWRT firmware: Download the latest OpenWRT firmware for the Huawei EC6108V9 from the official OpenWRT website.
  3. Connect to the router: Connect to the router using a serial cable or SSH.
  4. Flash the firmware: Flash the OpenWRT firmware using a tool like sysupgrade or mtd.
  5. Configure the router: Configure the router by accessing the LuCI web interface (the default OpenWRT interface).

New Features in OpenWRT for Huawei EC6108V9

The latest OpenWRT release for the Huawei EC6108V9 includes several new features, including:

  1. Support for latest Linux kernel: The latest OpenWRT release supports the latest Linux kernel, which provides improved performance and security.
  2. LuCI 0.12: The latest LuCI release provides a revamped web interface with improved performance and new features.
  3. Improved QoS: OpenWRT now includes improved QoS features, allowing users to prioritize traffic and manage bandwidth more effectively.
  4. WireGuard support: OpenWRT now supports WireGuard, a fast and secure VPN protocol.

Conclusion

The Huawei EC6108V9 is a capable router that can be transformed with OpenWRT. By installing OpenWRT, users can unlock advanced features, improve security, and customize their router to meet their specific needs. With the latest OpenWRT release, users can take advantage of new features, including support for the latest Linux kernel, LuCI 0.12, and improved QoS. If you're looking to breathe new life into your Huawei EC6108V9, OpenWRT is definitely worth exploring.

While there is no official, stable OpenWrt release specifically for the Huawei EC6108V9

(an IPTV set-top box) in the OpenWrt Table of Hardware, this device is often "unlocked" or modified using community-developed firmware derived from Android or OpenWrt-based builds. Current Status for Key Features of the Custom OpenWrt Build Once

Official Support: Not listed in the official OpenWrt Firmware Selector as of April 2026.

Hardware Compatibility: OpenWrt generally requires at least 16MB Flash and 128MB RAM for modern stable releases (v24.10). Most variants of this Huawei box utilize a HiSilicon (ARM-based) chipset, which requires specific community kernels to run Linux distributions like OpenWrt.

Alternative Firmwares: Users typically look for "new" builds on regional technical forums (like 4PDA or specialized IPTV communities) that focus on repurposing these boxes as small servers or routers using custom snapshots. General Installation Path (If a Build is Found)

If you have obtained a third-party .bin or .img file for this specific model, the standard installation methods involve:

Web Interface: Attempting a "Firmware Upgrade" through the existing OEM or custom web UI.

CLI/SSH: If you already have shell access, using the sysupgrade utility.

Bootloader/Recovery: Flashing via a USB drive by holding the Reset button during boot-up to trigger the recovery menu. Risks and Recommendations [OpenWrt Wiki] Quick start guide for OpenWrt installation

Unlocking the Potential of Huawei EC6108V9 with OpenWRT: A New Era for Your Router

The Huawei EC6108V9 is a popular router model that has been widely used for providing internet access to homes and small businesses. However, like many other routers, its capabilities are limited by its stock firmware. This is where OpenWRT comes in – a Linux-based operating system that can breathe new life into your router, unlocking its full potential and providing advanced features that can enhance your online experience.

In this article, we will explore the benefits of installing OpenWRT on your Huawei EC6108V9 router, and provide a step-by-step guide on how to do it. We will also discuss the new features and improvements that OpenWRT brings to the table, and what you can expect from this exciting new development.

The Limitations of Stock Firmware

The stock firmware on the Huawei EC6108V9 router is designed to provide basic routing functionality, but it lacks many advanced features that are now considered essential for modern internet users. Some of the limitations of the stock firmware include:

  • Limited configuration options: The stock firmware has a limited set of configuration options, which can make it difficult to customize your network settings.
  • No support for advanced features: The stock firmware does not support advanced features like Quality of Service (QoS), VPN, and parental controls.
  • Limited security: The stock firmware may not receive regular security updates, which can leave your network vulnerable to attacks.

What is OpenWRT?

OpenWRT is a Linux-based operating system that is designed specifically for routers. It provides a highly customizable and extensible platform that can be used to unlock the full potential of your router. OpenWRT offers a wide range of features and benefits, including:

  • Advanced configuration options: OpenWRT provides a wide range of configuration options, which can be used to customize your network settings.
  • Support for advanced features: OpenWRT supports advanced features like QoS, VPN, and parental controls.
  • Improved security: OpenWRT receives regular security updates, which can help to protect your network from attacks.

Benefits of Installing OpenWRT on Huawei EC6108V9

Installing OpenWRT on your Huawei EC6108V9 router can bring a wide range of benefits, including:

  • Improved performance: OpenWRT can optimize the performance of your router, providing faster speeds and better reliability.
  • Advanced features: OpenWRT provides a wide range of advanced features that can enhance your online experience, including QoS, VPN, and parental controls.
  • Customization: OpenWRT provides a highly customizable platform that can be used to tailor your network settings to your specific needs.
  • Security: OpenWRT provides improved security features, including regular security updates and support for secure protocols.

Installing OpenWRT on Huawei EC6108V9: A Step-by-Step Guide

Installing OpenWRT on your Huawei EC6108V9 router is a relatively straightforward process, but it does require some technical expertise. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you get started:

  1. Backup your data: Before you start, make sure to backup your existing configuration data and any other important files.
  2. Download the OpenWRT firmware: Download the OpenWRT firmware for the Huawei EC6108V9 from the official OpenWRT website.
  3. Prepare your router: Connect your router to your computer using an Ethernet cable, and make sure that your router is powered on.
  4. Flash the OpenWRT firmware: Use a tool like PuTTY or a similar terminal emulator to connect to your router and flash the OpenWRT firmware.
  5. Configure your router: Once the firmware is flashed, you can configure your router using the OpenWRT web interface.

New Features and Improvements in OpenWRT

The latest version of OpenWRT brings a wide range of new features and improvements, including:

  • Improved support for IPv6: OpenWRT now provides improved support for IPv6, which can help to future-proof your network.
  • Enhanced security features: OpenWRT includes enhanced security features, including support for secure protocols and regular security updates.
  • Improved performance: OpenWRT provides improved performance, including faster speeds and better reliability.

Conclusion

The Huawei EC6108V9 is a popular router model that can be unlocked with OpenWRT, providing advanced features and improvements that can enhance your online experience. By installing OpenWRT on your router, you can enjoy improved performance, advanced features, and enhanced security. With its highly customizable platform and regular security updates, OpenWRT is the perfect solution for anyone looking to take their router to the next level.

FAQs

  • What is OpenWRT?: OpenWRT is a Linux-based operating system that is designed specifically for routers.
  • What are the benefits of installing OpenWRT on Huawei EC6108V9?: The benefits of installing OpenWRT on Huawei EC6108V9 include improved performance, advanced features, customization, and security.
  • Is it safe to install OpenWRT on my router?: Yes, it is safe to install OpenWRT on your router, but make sure to follow the installation instructions carefully to avoid any risks.

Resources

By following this guide and exploring the resources provided, you can unlock the full potential of your Huawei EC6108V9 router and enjoy the benefits of OpenWRT.

I understand you’re looking for a paper or guide on running OpenWrt on the Huawei EC6108V9 set-top box.

However, this device is not a standard router but an Android-based IPTV receiver. Because of its limited hardware (Hi3798M CPU, 1 GB RAM, 4–8 GB eMMC, no native Wi-Fi chipset in most variants), running OpenWrt is not straightforward or officially supported.

Below is a structured outline for a technical report you could write on the topic, including what works, what doesn’t, and practical alternatives.


The Installation Process (Overview)

Warning: This involves opening the case and using a USB-TTL adapter. Proceed at your own risk.

1. Hardware Prep: You will need a USB-to-TTL adapter (CH340G or FTDI). Open the box and locate the UART pins on the PCB (usually labeled GND, TX, RX).

2. Software/Firmware: Currently, there isn't an official "stable" release in the main OpenWrt Table of Hardware for this specific board revision, so you will likely need to use a community-compiled build (look for builds by contributors on GitHub or the OpenWrt forums specifically for the Hi3798M chipset).

3. The Flashing Method:

  • Method A (USB Boot - Recommended): Interrupt the U-Boot boot process via the serial console. Use U-Boot commands to load the OpenWrt image from a formatted USB drive into RAM.
    • Command example: usb start; fatload usb 0:1 0x44000000 openwrt-uImage; bootm
  • Method B (NAND Flash): If you want OpenWrt to be permanent, you can flash the rootfs to the internal memory using nand write commands in U-Boot, overwriting the original Android system.