Samtool - Supported Models

Abstract

This paper analyzes "SAMTool-supported models" — models designed to interoperate with the Segment Anything Model (SAM) ecosystem — by defining the concept, categorizing architectures and use-cases, evaluating performance criteria, surveying integration patterns, and outlining best practices and future directions. The goal is a concise, actionable synthesis for researchers and engineers seeking to build, evaluate, or deploy models that leverage SAM tooling.

2.2 The MPileup Model

The core of variant calling in SAMtools is the mpileup model. Given a reference genome and aligned reads, it computes:

Mathematically, the likelihood of a genotype $G$ given read data $D$ is approximated as: $$P(D|G) \propto \prod_reads P(read|G, \textbase qual, \textmap qual)$$ samtool supported models

SAMtools implements this using a simple, fast forward-backward algorithm, unlike the pair-HMM used in GATK.

Which Functions Work on Supported Models?

Not all "supported" models unlock the full toolkit. Here is the breakdown of capability levels: Base Alignment Quality (BAQ) : A sophisticated recalibration

| Function | OLD models (J series, A10, A20, S7) | MID models (A50, A51, M31) | NEW models (A53, A54, S22 Exynos) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | FRP Bypass (Google Lock) | ✅ Full (Direct) | ✅ Full (Direct) | ⚠️ Limited (MTP Method) | | Samsung Account Removal | ✅ Full | ✅ Full (With OTG) | ❌ Not possible | | IMEI Repair / Patch Cert | ✅ Full | ✅ Full (Requires Root) | ❌ Blocked by Knox | | Network Unlock | ✅ Full | ⚠️ Temporary only | ❌ Not supported | | Flash Combination File | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes (Bin 1-4) | ⚠️ Only test firmware | | Remove RMM (Remote Lock) | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |

Check Your Current Installation

Run the following CLI command to see all models available in your environment: Mathematically, the likelihood of a genotype $G$ given

samtool list-models

Expected output:

Available models:
  ✅ sam_vit_b (default)
  ✅ sam_vit_l
  ✅ sam_vit_h
  ✅ mobilesam
  ✅ fastsam_x
  ✅ efficient_sam_s
  ⚠️ sam2_hiera_t (requires torch>=2.1)

C. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)

Galaxy M & F Series (Emerging Markets)

These are virtually identical to the A-series. SAMTool support is excellent.

C. The CNV Model (Copy Number Variation)


What SAMTool Does NOT Support

To prevent wasted credits, be aware that SAMTool does not support the following categories:

  1. All USA/Canada Snapdragon models with a locked bootloader (e.g., SM-G991U, SM-S908U). These require paid server-side solutions like UnlockTool or Sigma.
  2. Samsung Galaxy with Android 13 One UI 5.1 or higher (except for rare FRP holes on A04, A14).
  3. Wearables (Galaxy Watch series) – Not supported.
  4. Google Pixel devices (even though Pixel runs Samsung-made Tensor chips, the logic board is different).
  5. Chinese Variants (e.g., SM-W2022, SM-G9298) – These run unique firmware not recognized by SAMTool.

Abstract

This paper analyzes "SAMTool-supported models" — models designed to interoperate with the Segment Anything Model (SAM) ecosystem — by defining the concept, categorizing architectures and use-cases, evaluating performance criteria, surveying integration patterns, and outlining best practices and future directions. The goal is a concise, actionable synthesis for researchers and engineers seeking to build, evaluate, or deploy models that leverage SAM tooling.

2.2 The MPileup Model

The core of variant calling in SAMtools is the mpileup model. Given a reference genome and aligned reads, it computes:

Mathematically, the likelihood of a genotype $G$ given read data $D$ is approximated as: $$P(D|G) \propto \prod_reads P(read|G, \textbase qual, \textmap qual)$$

SAMtools implements this using a simple, fast forward-backward algorithm, unlike the pair-HMM used in GATK.

Which Functions Work on Supported Models?

Not all "supported" models unlock the full toolkit. Here is the breakdown of capability levels:

| Function | OLD models (J series, A10, A20, S7) | MID models (A50, A51, M31) | NEW models (A53, A54, S22 Exynos) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | FRP Bypass (Google Lock) | ✅ Full (Direct) | ✅ Full (Direct) | ⚠️ Limited (MTP Method) | | Samsung Account Removal | ✅ Full | ✅ Full (With OTG) | ❌ Not possible | | IMEI Repair / Patch Cert | ✅ Full | ✅ Full (Requires Root) | ❌ Blocked by Knox | | Network Unlock | ✅ Full | ⚠️ Temporary only | ❌ Not supported | | Flash Combination File | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes (Bin 1-4) | ⚠️ Only test firmware | | Remove RMM (Remote Lock) | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |

Check Your Current Installation

Run the following CLI command to see all models available in your environment:

samtool list-models

Expected output:

Available models:
  ✅ sam_vit_b (default)
  ✅ sam_vit_l
  ✅ sam_vit_h
  ✅ mobilesam
  ✅ fastsam_x
  ✅ efficient_sam_s
  ⚠️ sam2_hiera_t (requires torch>=2.1)

C. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)

Galaxy M & F Series (Emerging Markets)

These are virtually identical to the A-series. SAMTool support is excellent.

C. The CNV Model (Copy Number Variation)


What SAMTool Does NOT Support

To prevent wasted credits, be aware that SAMTool does not support the following categories:

  1. All USA/Canada Snapdragon models with a locked bootloader (e.g., SM-G991U, SM-S908U). These require paid server-side solutions like UnlockTool or Sigma.
  2. Samsung Galaxy with Android 13 One UI 5.1 or higher (except for rare FRP holes on A04, A14).
  3. Wearables (Galaxy Watch series) – Not supported.
  4. Google Pixel devices (even though Pixel runs Samsung-made Tensor chips, the logic board is different).
  5. Chinese Variants (e.g., SM-W2022, SM-G9298) – These run unique firmware not recognized by SAMTool.